Resumen
Las cefaleas constituyen uno de los trastornos neurológicos más frecuentes e incapacitantes a nivel mundial, planteando desafíos continuos para su diagnóstico diferencial. Por ello, la presente revisión tuvo el objetivo de analizar los avances significativos en técnicas de neuroimagen y su impacto en el diagnóstico de las cefaleas. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica narrativa, consultando 42 artículos científicos publicados entre 2015 y 2025 en bases de datos indexadas como PubMed, Scopus y ScienceDirect. Se aplicó el método hermenéutico para examinar técnicas estructurales y funcionales. Se determinó que la integración multimodal y la inteligencia artificial han optimizado la precisión diagnóstica, permitiendo identificar biomarcadores, diferenciar etiologías complejas y comprender los mecanismos fisiopatológicos del dolor, superando las limitaciones de la imagenología convencional. Sin embargo, se detectaron restricciones relacionadas con la estandarización de protocolos y el acceso a tecnologías avanzadas. Se concluyó que las técnicas de neuroimagen avanzada son herramientas fundamentales para el diagnóstico diferencial y la transición hacia una medicina personalizada, siempre que su uso se rija por criterios clínicos de alarma y consideraciones éticas rigurosas.
Citas
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